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Éminence grise

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François Leclerc du Tremblay (the figure in black), depicted descending the staircase in this oil painting (1873) by Jean-Léon Gérôme.

An éminence grise (French pronunciation: [eminɑ̃s ɡʁiz]) or grey eminence is a powerful decision-maker or advisor who operates "behind the scenes", or in a non-public or unofficial capacity.

This phrase originally referred to François Leclerc du Tremblay, the right-hand man of Cardinal Richelieu, the de facto ruler of France.[1] Leclerc was a Capuchin friar who was renowned for his beige robe attire, as beige was termed "grey" in that era. The style His Eminence is used to address or refer to a cardinal in the Catholic Church.[2] Although Leclerc never achieved the rank of cardinal, those around him addressed him as such in deference to the great influence this "grey" friar held over "His Eminence the Cardinal".[3] As a result, the term grey cardinal has occasionally been used to express the same concept.

Leclerc is referred to in several popular works. Aldous Huxley wrote an English biography of Leclerc entitled Grey Eminence. There is also an 1873 painting by Jean-Léon Gérôme, L'Éminence Grise, which depicts him descending the grand staircase of the Palais Cardinal and the deference shown to him by others present. Leclerc is referred to in Alexandre Dumas' The Three Musketeers as the character Father Joseph, a powerful associate of Richelieu and one to be feared.

Historical examples

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ O'Connell, D.P. (1968). Richelieu. New York: The World Publishing Company.
  2. ^ Historical reference to address in the Roman Catholic Church
  3. ^ Mould, Michael (2011). The Routledge Dictionary of Cultural References in Modern French. New York: Taylor & Francis. p. 149. ISBN 978-1-136-82573-6. Retrieved 15 June 2012.
  4. ^ McMahon, Keith (2013). Women Shall Not Rule: Imperial Wives and Concubines in China from Han to Liao. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 16. ISBN 9781442222908. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
  5. ^ Rimmer, Michael (2015). The Angel Roofs of East Anglia. The Lutterworth Press. p. 188. ISBN 978-0-7188-4318-2.
  6. ^ Leon Trotsky, "Stalin: An Appraisal of the Man and His Influence"
  7. ^ McGovern, James (1968). Martin Bormann. New York: William Morrow & Company. p. 77. OCLC 441132.
  8. ^ Berend, Ivan T. (2021). The Economics and Politics of European Integration: Populism, Nationalism and the History of the EU (1st ed.). New York: Routledge. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-367-55842-0.
  9. ^ a b c "The 'Grey Cardinals' of modern-day Russia and China". Qrius. March 16, 2018.
  10. ^ The Last Foundling: The Memoir of an Underdog. Cloud Designing. ISBN 9780957200623 – via Google Books.
  11. ^ Miles, Rosalind (February 24, 1985). Women and Power. Macdonald. ISBN 9780356106458 – via Google Books.
  12. ^ Leigh, David (February 24, 1988). The Wilson Plot: The Intelligence Services and the Discrediting of a Prime Minister. Random House. ISBN 9780434413409 – via Google Books.
  13. ^ Franco, Massimo (April 18, 2010). Andreotti. La vita di un uomo politico, la storia di un'epoca. Edizioni Mondadori. ISBN 9788804595632 – via Google Books.
  14. ^ Richard Seymour (2010). The Meaning of David Cameron. Zero Books. p. 32. ISBN 9781846944567.
  15. ^ Branigin, William (7 October 2015). "Joker Arroyo, key anti-Marcos figure in Philippines, dies in U.S. at 88". The Washington Post.
  16. ^ Walsh, Kenneth T. (January 23, 2006). "The Cheney Factor: How the scars of public life shaped the vice president's unyielding view of executive power". U.S. News & World Report. Archived from the original on January 17, 2006. Lawrence Wilkerson, a Cheney critic said: "The power behind the throne — an eminence grise — that's what Dick Cheney has become."
  17. ^ Cooper, Helene; Landler, Mark (21 May 2011). "Obama's Peace Tack Contrasts With Key Aide, Friend of Israel". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 January 2017.
  18. ^ "A Presidential Friendship Has Many South Koreans Crying Foul". New York Times. October 27, 2016.
  19. ^ "A Rasputinesque mystery woman and a cultish religion could take down South Korea's president". Quartz. October 28, 2016.
  20. ^ "'It's actually a system where Choi Sun-sil tells the President what to do'". The Hankyoreh. October 26, 2016.
  21. ^ "Investigations into 'Choi Soon-sil gate' widening". The Korea Times. October 23, 2016.
  22. ^ "Key suspects still at large in Choi Sun-sil probe". JoongAng Ilbo. October 25, 2016.
  23. ^ "All the Queen's men and women". The Straits Times. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
  24. ^ "Presidential speeches found on confidante's PC: report". The Korea Herald. October 25, 2016.
  25. ^ "South Korea's presidency 'on the brink of collapse' as scandal grows". Washington Post. October 29, 2016.
  26. ^ "Can Pres. Park be investigated over Choi Sun-sil scandal?". The Hankyoreh. October 28, 2016.
  27. ^ "Troubling revelations about Seoul's 'Shadow President': The Korea Herald columnist". The Straits Times. October 27, 2016.
  28. ^ "'Choi-gate' scandal snowballing". JoongAng Ilbo. October 22, 2016.
  29. ^ "South Korea's leader acknowledges ties to woman in scandal". Washington Post. October 25, 2016.
  30. ^ Foy, Henry (26 February 2016). "Jaroslaw Kaczynski: Poland's kingmaker". Financial Times.
  31. ^ "Polish Premier Meets Kingmaker Kaczynski as Shake Up Looms". Bloomberg. 7 November 2017. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
  32. ^ "Who is Jaroslaw Kaczynski, the puppet master of Poland's far-right?". Euronews.com. 26 June 2020.
  33. ^ "Merkel making 'last chance' visit to Poland". Deutsche Welle.
  34. ^ "Trump in Poland: Five reasons why he is going there". BBC News. 5 July 2017.
  35. ^ "Joe Biden to travel to Europe for extraordinary summit on Ukraine as 3million have now fled the country and 20,000 feared dead in besieged Mariupol alone". Independent.ie. 15 March 2022.